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Mariko Kotani 《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2017,46(5):463-477
Using the ethnography of communication and speech codes theory, this study aims to capture instances in which individuals’ views of appropriate conduct and cultural boundaries are undergoing change in intercultural interactions. The paper proposes a way of describing such instances by illustrating Japanese speakers’ experiences of encountering unfamiliar codes in problematic situations with English speakers in the United States, recognizing boundaries, negotiating contrasting codes, and revising their perceptions of codes and boundaries as a result of engaging in remedial episodes. The study illuminates the dynamic nature of the boundaries of speech communities and adds an ethnographic exploration of intercultural communication. 相似文献
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Some studies have reported that overarm baseball pitching shows a proximal to distal sequential joint motion including a rapid
extension of the elbow. It has been suggested that the rapid elbow extension just before ball release is not due to the action
of the elbow extensor muscles, but the underlying mechanisms are not so clear. The purpose of this study was to determine
the contributions of each joint muscular- and motion-dependent torques, including the upper trunk and throwing arm joints
to generate the rapid elbow extension during baseball pitching. The right handed throwing motions of three baseball pitchers
were recorded using five high-speed video cameras and the positional data were calculated using the direct linear transformation
method. A throwing arm dynamic model of the upper trunk and throwing arm joints was then used, including 10 degrees of freedom,
to calculate the throwing arm joint muscular-, throwing arm and upper trunk joint motion-, gravity-, and external force-dependent
components that contribute to the maximum elbow extension angular velocity. The results showed that the rapid elbow extension
was primarily due to the upper trunk counterclockwise rotation and shoulder horizontal adduction angular velocity-dependent
torques. This study implied that the trunk counterclockwise rotators and shoulder horizontal adductors generate positive torques
to maintain the angular velocities of the upper trunk counterclockwise rotation and shoulder horizontal adduction may play
a key role in producing the rapid elbow extension. 相似文献
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Mariko Izumi 《Communication Studies》2013,64(5):473-490
Recent scholarship on apology has shifted its critical emphasis from the juridical use of apology as a means of self-defense to the moral value of apology as integral to specific reconciliation processes. This article examines the “comfort women” reparations debate in Japan in the 1990s as symptomatic of this change in how we think about apology and reparations. It illustrates how “comfort women” reparation lawsuits disrupted the symbolic economy of political apology in an inter-Asian political context and, thus, transformed the rhetorical force of apology from a past-oriented to a future-oriented technology of care. 相似文献
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Mariko Mizuno Alexander 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2016,36(3):350-363
While there is a growing presence of trans-Pacific migrant students in the US, relatively little attention has been given to the diversity among them in terms of their everyday experiences and future educational trajectories shaped by different patterns of transnational mobilities and practices. This paper addresses the distinctive educational experiences and needs of transnational Japanese students, temporarily enrolled in US schools accompanying their parents on business appointments from transnational corporations. This institutional ethnographic study examines the strategies that these sojourner students use to negotiate the institutional demands of US high-school life and the way to promote access to tertiary education in Japan. The findings show that, although corporate transnationalism restricts Japanese sojourners' geographical mobility, they still actively construct their futures through the high-stakes strategy of graduating a year early from US high schools. I call this early graduation scheme a gambit because the sojourners sacrifice beneficial opportunities and even risk their graduation itself in the hope of securing a positional advantage upon their return to their home country. The early graduation gambit is analysed through a lens of transnationalism. 相似文献
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Mariko Morimoto Ph.D. 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(2):279-280
Prime-time network programs broadcast between 7 993 and 2002 underrepresent elderly characters. More women between the ages of 50 and 64 were classified as elderly, rather than middle-aged. The age distribution of minority men resembles that of White women, while minority women are typically cast in younger age groups. The world of work on television is one of diminished options for the elderly. Television celebrates youth while it neglects and negates the elderly. 相似文献
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Takeo Nakayama Nobuko Hirai Shigeaki Yamazaki Mariko Naito 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2005,93(2):237-242
BACKGROUND: The use of a structured abstract has been recommended in reporting medical literature to quickly convey necessary information to editors and readers. The use of structured abstracts increased during the mid-1990s; however, recent practice has yet to be analyzed. OBJECTIVES: This article explored actual reporting patterns of abstracts recently published in selected medical journals and examined what these journals required of abstracts (structured or otherwise and, if structured, which format). METHODS: The top thirty journals according to impact factors noted in the "Medicine, General and Internal" category of the ISI Journal Citation Reports (2000) were sampled. Articles of original contributions published by each journal in January 2001 were examined. Cluster analysis was performed to classify the patterns of structured abstracts objectively. Journals' instructions to authors for writing an article abstract were also examined. RESULTS: Among 304 original articles that included abstracts, 188 (61.8%) had structured and 116 (38.2%) had unstructured abstracts. One hundred twenty-five (66.5%) of the abstracts used the introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD) format, and 63 (33.5%) used the 8-heading format proposed by Haynes et al. Twenty-one journals requested structured abstracts in their instructions to authors; 8 journals requested the 8-heading format; and 1 journal requested it only for intervention studies. CONCLUSIONS: Even in recent years, not all abstracts of original articles are structured. The eight-heading format was neither commonly used in actual reporting patterns nor noted in journal instructions to authors. 相似文献
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Toshinori Yoshihara Takao Sugiura Nobuyuki Miyaji Yuki Yamamoto Tsubasa Shibaguchi Ryo Kakigi Hisashi Naito Katsumasa Goto Daijiro Ohmori Toshitada Yoshioka 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2018,19(11):844-852
We examined the effect of a combination of astaxanthin (AX) supplementation, repeated heat stress, and intermittent reloading (IR) on satellite cells in unloaded rat soleus muscles. Forty-nine male Wistar rats (8-week-old) were divided into control, hind-limb unweighting (HU), IR during HU, IR with AX supplementation, IR with repeated heat stress (41.0–41.5 °C for 30 min), and IR with AX supplementation and repeated heat stress groups. After the experimental period, the antigravitational soleus muscle was analyzed using an immunohistochemical technique. Our results revealed that the combination of dietary AX supplementation and heat stress resulted in protection against disuse muscle atrophy in the soleus muscle. This protective effect may be partially due to a higher satellite cell number in the atrophied soleus muscle in the IR/AX/heat stress group compared with the numbers found in the other groups. We concluded that the combination treatment with dietary AX supplementation and repeated heat stress attenuates soleus muscle atrophy, in part by increasing the number of satellite cells. 相似文献
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Mariko?Nagayama Jennifer?L.?GilliardEmail author 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2005,33(3):137-143
Staff interviews and classroom observations based on predetermined observation criteria and open-ended questions were conducted at early care and education programs in Kakunodate, Akita, Japan; Tazawako, Akita, Japan; Butte, Montana; and Missoula, Montana. Differences in curriculum, classroom structure and educational strategies were found. For example, group instruction was more prevalent in Japan and individual instruction was more common in the United States. Physical environments reflected these differences; Japanese schools had gymnasiums, swimming pools, pianos and televisions for large group activities and American schools had learning centers and computers for individual and small group activities. American teachers reported developing curriculum and activities based on individual child development and Japanese teachers reported developing curriculum based on promoting community and regard for others. Further study of Japanese early care and education is suggested to assist American educators in partnering with Japanese and Japanese-American families in providing more culturally relevant curriculum. 相似文献